Top 5 Invasive Insects in Hawaii and the State Efforts for Control and Eradication

Hawaii’s unique ecosystems are under constant threat from invasive species. Invasive insects, in particular, pose significant risks to the environment, agriculture, and even human health. Here are the top five invasive insects in Hawaii and what the state is doing to control or eradicate them.

1. Coconut Rhinoceros Beetle (Oryctes rhinoceros)

The coconut rhinoceros beetle (CRB) is one of the most concerning invasive species in Hawaii. This beetle damages palm trees by boring into their crowns to feed on sap, often killing the trees.

Control Measures: The Hawaii Department of Agriculture (HDOA) has implemented an extensive CRB eradication program. This includes setting traps to monitor and reduce beetle populations, applying biological control agents like fungi and viruses that specifically target CRBs, and conducting rigorous quarantine and inspection protocols to prevent the spread of the beetle to new areas.

2. Little Fire Ant (Wasmannia auropunctata)

Little fire ants are notorious for their painful stings and can form supercolonies, severely affecting agriculture and human activities. They pose a threat to native wildlife and have been linked to blindness in pets.

Control Measures: The HDOA, along with the Hawaii Ant Lab, uses a combination of baiting strategies and public education campaigns to control little fire ants. Regular surveys and community involvement are crucial in detecting and managing infestations early.

3. Mediterranean Fruit Fly (Ceratitis capitata)

The Mediterranean fruit fly is a major pest for Hawaii's fruit and vegetable crops. It infests over 250 different types of fruits and vegetables, leading to significant agricultural losses.

Control Measures: The state employs an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) approach, including the release of sterile male flies to reduce reproduction rates, and the use of baited traps to monitor and decrease fly populations. Additionally, strict quarantine measures are in place to prevent the introduction and spread of this pest.

4. Coffee Berry Borer (Hypothenemus hampei)

This small beetle has a significant impact on Hawaii’s coffee industry by boring into coffee berries, leading to reduced yield and quality. The coffee berry borer (CBB) is considered one of the most destructive pests for coffee crops worldwide.

Control Measures: The state’s response includes the use of biological controls such as parasitic wasps and entomopathogenic fungi that attack the CBB. Farmers are also educated on best management practices, including the use of traps and maintaining farm hygiene to reduce beetle populations.

5. Asian Citrus Psyllid (Diaphorina citri)

The Asian citrus psyllid is a vector for huanglongbing (HLB), also known as citrus greening disease, which can devastate citrus crops. While HLB has not been detected in Hawaii, the presence of its vector is a significant concern.

Control Measures: The HDOA conducts regular surveys to monitor psyllid populations and has implemented quarantine and inspection protocols to prevent the introduction of HLB. Biological control agents, such as parasitic wasps, are released to reduce psyllid numbers, and public awareness campaigns are conducted to educate growers and the general public on identifying and reporting psyllid sightings.

Statewide Coordination and Public Involvement

The success of invasive insect control efforts in Hawaii relies heavily on statewide coordination and public involvement. The Hawaii Invasive Species Council (HISC) plays a pivotal role in coordinating efforts among various state agencies, federal partners, and community organizations. Public awareness campaigns, community-based monitoring, and rapid response teams are essential components of the state's strategy to manage invasive insects.

Residents are encouraged to report sightings of invasive insects and participate in community efforts to control these pests. By working together, Hawaii can better protect its unique ecosystems, agricultural industries, and overall quality of life from the threats posed by invasive insects.

To learn more about efforts to control and eradicate invasive species in Hawaii visit: https://dlnr.hawaii.gov/hisc/info/invasive-species-profiles/.